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Understand the 6 major systems of fire cannons in one article

1. Foam Fire Extinguishing System

Designed specifically for liquid fires, especially in petrochemical sites.

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1.1 System Components:
  • Foam fire pump & foam liquid pump
  • Foam proportioner
  • Foam liquid storage tank
  • Foam generating device
  • Pipes & valves
  • Power supply & control devices
1.2 System Types:
  • Low-expansion foam system
  • Medium-expansion foam system
  • High-expansion foam system
  • Foam-water sprinkler system
  • Foam spray system
1.3 Main Application Scenarios:
Petrochemical production areas, oil depots, underground projects, garages, warehouses, coal mines, large aircraft hangars, ships, etc.

2. Water Spray & Fine Water Mist Fire Extinguishing Systems

2.1 Water Spray System Components:
  • Fire water supply system (water source, supply, pipe network, etc.)
  • Deluge alarm valve
  • Filter device
  • Water mist sprinklers
  • Power supply & control devices
2.2 Water Spray System Types (by protection purpose):
  • Fire extinguishing
  • Protective cooling
2.3 Fine Water Mist System Components:
  • Fire water supply system (water source, supply, pipe network, etc.)
  • Control valve
  • Filter device
  • Fine water mist sprinklers
  • Power supply & control devices
2.4 Fine Water Mist System Types:
  • By pressurization method: pump group system, bottle group system
  • By sprinkler type: closed system, open system
2.5 Water Source Requirements:
Water quantity and quality must meet the needs of fire extinguishing, fire control, protective cooling, or fire separation.
2.6 Control Modes:
Automatically controlled water spray and fine water mist systems must have automatic, manual, and mechanical emergency start modes.

3. Fixed Fire Cannon & Automatic Tracking Positioning Jet Fire Extinguishing System

3.1 Fixed Fire Cannon System

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3.1.1 System Components:
  • Fire water supply system (water source, supply, pipe network, etc.)
  • Foam proportioning device & foam liquid tank (for foam cannons)
  • Dry powder tank & nitrogen tank (for dry powder cannons)
  • Fire turret
  • Power supply & control devices
3.1.2 Types (by spray medium):
  • Water cannon system
  • Foam cannon system
  • Dry powder cannon system
3.1.3 System Requirements:
  • Indoor fixed water cannon systems should use wet water supply systems, with fire pump start buttons installed at cannon positions.
  • Temporary high-pressure water supply systems for water/foam cannons must have automatic start functions.
  • Valves in fixed fire cannon systems should have working position locking devices and clear indicators.
3.2 Automatic Tracking Positioning Jet System
3.2.1 System Components:
  • Fire water supply system (water source, supply, pipe network, etc.)
  • Fire extinguishing device
  • Water flow indicator
  • Simulated end test device
  • Detection device
  • Power supply & control devices
3.2.2 System Types:
  • Automatic fire cannon system
  • Jet-type automatic jet system
  • Spray-type automatic jet system

4. Gas Fire Extinguishing System

Suitable for electrical fires, solid surface fires, liquid fires, etc.
4.1 System Components:
  • Storage device (for pipe network systems: storage containers, container valves, etc.)
  • Driving device
  • Selector valve (for combined distribution systems)
  • Sprinklers
  • Pipes & fittings
  • Power supply & control devices
4.2 System Types:
  • FM-200 (HFC-227ea) fire extinguishing system
  • IG541 mixed gas fire extinguishing system
  • Heat aerosol pre-engineered fire extinguishing system
4.3 Application Scenarios:
Electrical fires, solid surface fires, liquid fires, and gas fires where the gas source can be cut off before extinguishing.
4.4 Protection Zone Requirements:
  • The enclosure structure must withstand overpressure to maintain integrity during agent release and design immersion time.
  • The enclosure must be airtight to maintain agent concentration ≥design fire extinguishing/inerting concentration during immersion.
  • Protection zone doors should open towards evacuation directions and self-close.

5. Dry Powder Fire Extinguishing System

Suitable for various fire scenarios.
5.1 System Components:
  • Storage device
  • Selector valve (for combined distribution systems)
  • Delivery pipes
  • Sprinklers
5.2 System Types (by application method):
  • Total flooding fire extinguishing system
  • Local application fire extinguishing system
5.3 Fires Suitable for Extinguishing:
  • Gas fires where the gas source can be cut off before extinguishing
  • Flammable/combustible liquid and meltable solid fires
  • Combustible solid surface fires
  • Live electrical equipment fires
5.4 Fires NOT Suitable for Extinguishing:
  • Chemicals like nitrocellulose and explosives that oxidize rapidly without air, and strong oxidizers
  • Active metals (potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium) and their chlorides
5.5 Protection Zone Requirements:
Multiple dry powder systems protecting the same zone/object must activate simultaneously, with action response time differences ≤2s.

6. Fire Auto-Alarm System

6.1 System Components:
  • Fire detectors
  • Manual fire alarm buttons
  • Fire sound & light alarms
  • Fire alarm controllers
  • Fire linkage controllers
  • Fire emergency broadcast
  • Fire dedicated telephone
  • Fire control room graphic display device
  • Modules, bus short-circuit isolators
  • Power supply, wiring, etc.
  • Combustible gas detection + electrical fire monitoring system
6.2 System Types:
  • Regional alarm system
  • Centralized alarm system
  • Control center alarm system
6.3 System Functions:
  • Should have automatic/manual trigger alarm devices for fire detection or manual assistance.
  • Capable of controlling emergency activation of related systems and receiving feedback signals.

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